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"Directions to army surgeons on the field of battle"
1861

The Sanitary Commission printed these brief battlefield surgery instructions of the British Surgeon General from the Crimean War for use of Union surgeons during the Civil War. The passage displayed outlines the decisions taken in amputation cases.

Henry Ingersoll Bowditch (1808-1892)
A brief plea for an ambulance system for the army of the United States, as drawn from the extra sufferings of the late Lieut. Bowditch and a wounded comrade
(Boston : Ticknor and Fields, 1863).
Gift of J. Collins Warren, M.D., to the Library of Harvard Medical School, 1916.

Dr. Henry I. Bowditch delivered a baccalaureate address to Harvard Medical School graduates on March 11, 1863, and then revised and printed it following the death of his son, Nathaniel, in Virginia, adding an impassioned plea for an ambulance service to assist the wounded in the field.  That appendix, made all the more powerful by his personal grief, was then reprinted separately.
The first ambulance corps was organized in the Army of the Potomac in August, 1862, and in the following year a standard number of ambulances for each regiment was mandated.

Ambulance, built at the Gov. Repair Shops, Washington, D.C., under the direction of Brevet Major General, D. H. Rucker, Quartermaster, U.S. Army.
From Reports on the extent and nature of the materials available for the preparation of a medical and surgical history of the rebellion (Philadelphia, 1865).