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                <text>These are images taken of the plaster cast of an Ancient Egyptian skull that belonged to Samuel G. Morton's crania collection. This is one of twelve skulls that Morton considered to be "typical skulls." It was used to decipher a standardized craniometrics measurement system with John Collins Warren. This artifact is part of the Warren Anatomical Museum collection. On the forehead of the skull is the number 3 etched into the skull - a mark from Morton. On the right side of the crania is a raised area that says "Æncient Egyptiana." Red chalk marks 3180 on the front of the skull which is the Warren Anatomical Museum number for the plaster cast. Lastly, there is no mandible with the skull.  </text>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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                <text>Spurzheim, J. G. (Johann Gaspar), 1776-1832</text>
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                <text>These are images of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim's skull. This human specimen is one of the artifacts held in the Warren Anatomical Museum. Spurzheim's skull had originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society (BPS) collection, an organization created after his death on his birthday in remembrance of his contributions to phrenology. BSP membership declined, which led to a collection loan to John Collins Warren. This included Spurzheim's crania and brain along with Dr. Roberton's crania, a friend who requested his skull to reside next to Spurzheim. Warren eventually donated Spurzheim's crania, in addition, to the BPS collection to Harvard Medical College once it became apparent that BPS would no longer operate as an organization. Spurzheim's skull is one of the artifacts on display for the Warren Anatomical Museum, but it is temporarily deinstalled due to building renovations to the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.</text>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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                <text>Shurtleff, Nathaniel B. "Article II. Anatomical Report on the Skull of Spurzheim, read before the Boston Phrenological Society." Annals of Phrenology 2 (1835): 72-78.</text>
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                <text>The finalized 3D prints of the Beyond the Bone Box cases: Phineas Gage (1832-1860), Johann Gaspar Spurzheim 1776-1832), and an Ancient Egyptian. These prints were completed as part of the Harvard Library S. T. Lee Innovation Grant May 2019-2020. They exist as a Warren Anatomical Museum curated educational kit. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Inscription: "ORDER OF THE BIFURCATED NEEDLE" written on small slip of paper found in box with pin</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240056">
                <text>Henderson, Leigh</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1976</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240058">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240059">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="116">
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Memorabilia</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>physical object</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>WAM Catalog Number: LEAN1158</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Artifacts and objects from the collections of the Warren Anatomical Museum.&#13;
&#13;
In accordance with the wishes of Dr. John Collins Warren, by whom the founding collection was given to the Harvard Medical School, the Warren Anatomical Museum undertakes to maintain these collections, to add to them when feasible, and to make them available and useful for the study of medicine, anthropology, and the history of science. The Museum seeks to continue in the tradition of promoting the collection for the purposes of medical education in all forms whenever possible, as well as expand its scope to provide public programming and educational resources to the larger community.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pair of Perkins Metallic Tractors</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Tractors, Metallic</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240045">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240046">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>physical object</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>WAM Catalog Number: LEAN0011</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>An Ancient Egyptian Skull Collected by Samuel G. Morton 3D STL Software Image</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240033">
                <text>This is a screenshot from the Still (STL) 3D image software rendering of an Ancient Egyptian skull collected by Samuel G. Morton. This is one of twelve skulls Morton deemed "typical skulls." These twelve skulls were made into plaster casts and donated to the Warren Anatomical Museum in 1848. The screenshot captures the finalized 3D animation of the Ancient Egyptian's skull. The finalized 3D animation was sent off to create 3D prints with PLA plastic. The 3D prints can be found in the Beyond the Bone Box educational kits curated by Warren Anatomical Museum.</text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>A screenshot of the 3D animation of an Ancient Egyptian's skull, collected by Samuel G. Morton.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2019</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240037">
                <text>1 photograph (3D animation)</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Morton, Samuel George, 1799-1851</text>
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                <text>Three-dimensional imaging</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240103">
                <text>BoneBox_Morton_04_ref</text>
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        <name>Beyond the Bone Box</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832) 3D STL Software Image</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Spurzheim, J. G. (Johann Gaspar), 1776-1832</text>
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                <text>Three-dimensional imaging</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240015">
                <text>This is a screenshot from the Still (STL) 3D image software rendering of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim. It captures the finalized 3D animation of Spurzheim's skull based on a plaster cast. On the back of Spurzheim's skull contains a base that was created as part of the plaster cast to keep his skull situated upright instead of angled. The finalized 3D animation was sent off to create 3D prints with PLA plastic. The 3D prints can be found in the Beyond the Bone Box educational kits curated by Warren Anatomical Museum. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240016">
                <text>A screenshot of the 3D animation of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim's skull.</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>2019</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240018">
                <text>model</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="240019">
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 photograph (3D animation)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>BoneBox_Spurzheim_007_ref</text>
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        <name>Beyond the Bone Box</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>S. Burt Wolbach Photographs, 1918. </text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Wolbach, S. Burt (Simeon Burt), 1800-1954, M.D. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 1903; was Shattuck Professor of Pathological Anatomy at Harvard Medical School from 1922 to 1947; pathologist-in-chief at Peter Bent Brigham, Boston Lying-in, and Children's Hospitals in Boston, Mass., until 1947; and director of Division of Nutritional Research at Children's Hospital from 1947 until 1954. His research was on infectious diseases, vitamin deficiency, and experimental pathology.&#13;
&#13;
This collection features images of the lung slides created by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach at Camp Devens military base during the 1918 Influenza outbreak. When Wolbach arrived at Camp Devens there were 45,000 people and the base hospital was overwhelmed with influenza patients. Wolbach recorded twenty-eight postmortems at Camp Devens. He observed that there were two different stages of the disease: the lungs of patients who had died only a few days after the initial onset of symptoms had a different pathological profile than those who had lived ten days or longer with the illness. Wolbach published his initial findings in the April 1919 Johns Hopkins Bulletin and a more complete analysis of his research in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 1923. </text>
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                  <text>Warren Anatomical Museum Records, Series 00344: V. Curatorial Photographs and Assorted Graphic Materials, 1973-1981, undated </text>
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            <element elementId="117">
              <name>Medium</name>
              <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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            <element elementId="116">
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Photograph of a microscope slide from an unknown Camp Devens Case</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Spanish Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>An image of a microscope slide. This image is included with Wolbach's photographs from his research at Camp Devens, but no case number is recorded</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239997">
                <text>Wolbach, S. Burt (Simeon Burt), 1880-1954</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="239998">
                <text>1918</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239999">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240000">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240001">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum Records, Series 00344: V. Curatorial Photographs and Assorted Graphic Materials, 1973-1981, undated </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240002">
                <text>image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240003">
                <text>1 photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="240004">
                <text>Photograph</text>
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This collection features images of the lung slides created by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach at Camp Devens military base during the 1918 Influenza outbreak. When Wolbach arrived at Camp Devens there were 45,000 people and the base hospital was overwhelmed with influenza patients. Wolbach recorded twenty-eight postmortems at Camp Devens. He observed that there were two different stages of the disease: the lungs of patients who had died only a few days after the initial onset of symptoms had a different pathological profile than those who had lived ten days or longer with the illness. Wolbach published his initial findings in the April 1919 Johns Hopkins Bulletin and a more complete analysis of his research in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 1923. </text>
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This collection features images of the lung slides created by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach at Camp Devens military base during the 1918 Influenza outbreak. When Wolbach arrived at Camp Devens there were 45,000 people and the base hospital was overwhelmed with influenza patients. Wolbach recorded twenty-eight postmortems at Camp Devens. He observed that there were two different stages of the disease: the lungs of patients who had died only a few days after the initial onset of symptoms had a different pathological profile than those who had lived ten days or longer with the illness. Wolbach published his initial findings in the April 1919 Johns Hopkins Bulletin and a more complete analysis of his research in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 1923. </text>
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                <text>This photograph was prepared by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach and depicts one of the lung slides that he created while he was studying the influenza outbreak at Camp Devens in 1918. </text>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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This collection features images of the lung slides created by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach at Camp Devens military base during the 1918 Influenza outbreak. When Wolbach arrived at Camp Devens there were 45,000 people and the base hospital was overwhelmed with influenza patients. Wolbach recorded twenty-eight postmortems at Camp Devens. He observed that there were two different stages of the disease: the lungs of patients who had died only a few days after the initial onset of symptoms had a different pathological profile than those who had lived ten days or longer with the illness. Wolbach published his initial findings in the April 1919 Johns Hopkins Bulletin and a more complete analysis of his research in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 1923. </text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 photograph</text>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Photograph</text>
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                <text>still image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>00344_30_005</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This photograph was prepared by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach and depicts one of the lung slides that he created while he was studying the influenza outbreak at Camp Devens in 1918. </text>
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        <src>https://collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/files/original/553018f2d1b4ababc608965806938c7b.jpg</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>S. Burt Wolbach Photographs, 1918. </text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Spanish Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919</text>
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                  <text>Camp Devens (Mass.)</text>
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                  <text>Wolbach, S. Burt (Simeon Burt), 1880-1954</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Wolbach, S. Burt (Simeon Burt), 1800-1954, M.D. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 1903; was Shattuck Professor of Pathological Anatomy at Harvard Medical School from 1922 to 1947; pathologist-in-chief at Peter Bent Brigham, Boston Lying-in, and Children's Hospitals in Boston, Mass., until 1947; and director of Division of Nutritional Research at Children's Hospital from 1947 until 1954. His research was on infectious diseases, vitamin deficiency, and experimental pathology.&#13;
&#13;
This collection features images of the lung slides created by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach at Camp Devens military base during the 1918 Influenza outbreak. When Wolbach arrived at Camp Devens there were 45,000 people and the base hospital was overwhelmed with influenza patients. Wolbach recorded twenty-eight postmortems at Camp Devens. He observed that there were two different stages of the disease: the lungs of patients who had died only a few days after the initial onset of symptoms had a different pathological profile than those who had lived ten days or longer with the illness. Wolbach published his initial findings in the April 1919 Johns Hopkins Bulletin and a more complete analysis of his research in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 1923. </text>
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              <name>Is Part Of</name>
              <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240009">
                  <text>Warren Anatomical Museum Records, Series 00344: V. Curatorial Photographs and Assorted Graphic Materials, 1973-1981, undated </text>
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            <element elementId="117">
              <name>Medium</name>
              <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>Photographs</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>English</text>
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            <element elementId="116">
              <name>Extent</name>
              <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>20 photographs</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Photograph of a microscope slide from Camp Devens Case 223</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="239722">
                <text>"CAMP DEVENS CASE 223. ORGANIZATION OF EXUDATE IN BRONCHUS AND ORGANIZING PERIBRONCHITIS."</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="239723">
                <text>Spanish Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Camp Devens (Mass.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239725">
                <text>An image of a microscope slide with the caption, "CAMP DEVENS CASE 223. ORGANIZATION OF EXUDATE IN BRONCHUS AND ORGANIZING / PERIBRONCHITIS. BACTERIOLOGY BACILLUS INFLUENZAE. DURATION 22 DAYS FROM / INITIAL SYMPTOMS."</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239726">
                <text>Wolbach, S. Burt (Simeon Burt), 1880-1954</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1918</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239728">
                <text>The Boston Medical Library does not hold copyright on all materials in this collection. For use information, consult Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239729">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239730">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum Catalog Number 11509</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="239731">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum Records, Series 00344: V. Curatorial Photographs and Assorted Graphic Materials, 1973-1981, undated </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Photograph</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>still image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>00344_30_004</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="239737">
                <text>This photograph was prepared by Dr. S. Burt Wolbach and depicts one of the lung slides that he created while he was studying the influenza outbreak at Camp Devens in 1918. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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