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                <text>Tyhpoid lesions in the small intestine. Illustration by T. Willis and C. Wren, 1800s. </text>
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                <text>Image courtesy of the Wellcome Collection (CC). </text>
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                <text>Image courtesy of the Wellcome Collection (CC).</text>
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                <text>A cartoon illustrating the competition between physicians and apothecaries. Etching by an unknown artist, c. 1880.</text>
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                <text>The interior of an apothecary's shop, with an apprentice working the mortar and pestle. Coloured etching by H. Heath, 1825. </text>
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                <text>A French pharmacy of the eighteenth century. Oil painting by unknown French artist, c. 1700.</text>
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                <text>An apothecary and his apprentice working in the laboratory of John Bell's pharmacy. Engraving by J.G. Murray, after W.H. Hunt, 1842.</text>
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                <text>A figure made up of components of the apothecary trade. Engraving by N. de Larmessin II, 1695. </text>
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                <text>An apothecary is making up a prescription for waiting customers, another takes a jar down from a shelf. Engraving by C. Luyken</text>
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                <text>Engraving by C. Luyken, 1695. Image courtesy of the Wellcome Collection.</text>
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                  <text>Artifacts and objects from the collections of the Warren Anatomical Museum.&#13;
&#13;
In accordance with the wishes of Dr. John Collins Warren, by whom the founding collection was given to the Harvard Medical School, the Warren Anatomical Museum undertakes to maintain these collections, to add to them when feasible, and to make them available and useful for the study of medicine, anthropology, and the history of science. The Museum seeks to continue in the tradition of promoting the collection for the purposes of medical education in all forms whenever possible, as well as expand its scope to provide public programming and educational resources to the larger community.</text>
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                <text>Head cast of Phineas Gage made during his life, 1850</text>
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                <text>Cast made of the head of Phineas Gage during his examination at Harvard Medical School in 1850</text>
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                <text>Gage, Phineas</text>
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                <text>casting (process)</text>
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                <text>Frontal Lobe</text>
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                <text>Brain Injuries</text>
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                <text>Bigelow, Henry Jacob, 1818-1890</text>
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                <text>Plaster head cast of a man with significant head trauma. Cast is attached to plaster pedestal base and the entire work is painted white. </text>
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                <text>The plaster head cast made of Phineas Gage by Henry Jacob Bigelow at Harvard Medical School in 1850 to substantiate the specifics of Gage's neurotrauma.  </text>
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                <text>Bigelow, Henry Jacob, 1818-1890</text>
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                <text>Bigelow, Henry Jacob, 1818-1890</text>
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                <text>January 1850</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptivecatal00harvuoft#page/148/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jackson, J. B. S. &lt;em&gt;Descriptive Catalogue of the Warren Anatomical Museum&lt;/em&gt;. Williams: Boston, 1870.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1 head cast</text>
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                <text>casts (sculpture)</text>
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                <text>Phineas Gage sustained his traumatic brain injury on September 13, 1848 in Cavendish, Vermont. In January 1850 Professor of Surgery Henry Jacob Bigelow brought Gage to Boston and Harvard Medical School for examination and took this cast of the his head. Bigelow published his examination of Gage and the casting of his head in the July 1850 &lt;em&gt;American Journal of the Medical Sciences&lt;/em&gt;. According to Bigelow, the head cast was on display adjacent to Gage's tamping iron in the Warren Anatomical Museum in July 1850. The cast was officially donated by Bigelow to the Museum in 1856.</text>
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                <text>Trials of a public benefactor, as illustrated in the discovery of etherization / By Nathan P. Rice, M.D.</text>
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        <name>Anesthesia</name>
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        <name>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</name>
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        <name>Ether</name>
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        <name>Henry Jacob Bigelow</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>List of Patients Who Have Inhaled Ether or Chloroform for Surgical Operations in the Massachusetts General Hospital</text>
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                <text>Bigelow, Henry Jacob, 1818-1890.</text>
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                <text>List of patients who have inhaled ether or chloroform for surgical operations in the Massachusetts General Hospital up to April 1, 1848, furnished by H. J. Bigelow, M.D.</text>
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                <text>Bigelow, Henry Jacob, 1818-1890.</text>
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                <text> United States. Congress. House. Select committee to whom was referred the memorial of Dr. William T.G. Morton. William T. G. Morton, sulphuric ether. Report ... Feb. 23, 1849. [Washington, 1849]</text>
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                <text>1849</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="218133">
                <text> United States. Congress. House. Select committee to whom was referred the memorial of Dr. William T.G. Morton. William T. G. Morton, sulphuric ether. Report ... Feb. 23, 1849. [Washington, 1849]</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>text</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 printed page.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English.</text>
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                <text>text</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="218138">
                <text>22.C.57</text>
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            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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                <text> United States. Congress. House. Select committee to whom was referred the memorial of Dr. William T.G. Morton. William T. G. Morton, sulphuric ether. Report ... Feb. 23, 1849. [Washington, 1849]. Page 033.</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Deposited by the Boston Public Library in the Boston Medical Library, 1904.</text>
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        <name>Chloroform</name>
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        <name>Massachusetts General Hospital</name>
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                  <text>In 1928, the library of Harvard Medical School received a magnificent bequest from Dr. John Warren (1874-1928) of 2,000 medical books, pamphlets, and manuscripts, assembled by five generations of the Warren family of Boston.  Ranging from the earliest days of printing to the start of the 20th century, the Warren Library contains some of the rarest and most significant works in the history of medicine and surgery, including titles by Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, William Hunter, Joannes de Ketham, John Hunter, Ambroise Paré, and Celsus, along with ten incunables.   &#13;
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Both a working professional collection and a leisure-time resource, the Warren Library reflects the tastes, occupations, and preoccupations of its owners.   Dr. John Collins Warren contributed a significant collection of pamphlets related to the development and use of ether as an anesthetic—hardly surprising given his role as the surgeon in the groundbreaking first public operation at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1846.  The published writings of the Warrens themselves are all represented in the collection.   A number of Warren Library books bear presentation inscriptions from their authors to members of the family.  A small handful even have a succession of family signatures on their title-pages or flyleaves, as the books passed from one generation to the next, over the course of a century and a half.  Many of the volumes also carry versions of the distinctive Warren bookplate with the family’s coat of arms depicting a rearing lion on a shield.  This device became the basis for the seal of Harvard Medical School.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Invitation to the Semi-Centennial of Anaesthesia Celebration</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Invitation to the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the first public demonstration of surgical anesthesia, signed by William Sturgis Bigelow and J. Collins Warren.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Massachusetts General Hospital.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Merrymount Press.</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1896</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Warren Library, Ether Day addresses.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="218119">
                <text>text</text>
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          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 broadside.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English.</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>text</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Bequest of John Warren, M.D., to the Library of Harvard Medical School, 1928.</text>
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        <name>Massachusetts General Hospital</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Sixth plate cased daguerreotype of Phineas Gage (1823-1860), circa 1855.</text>
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            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>Wilgus daguerreotype of Phineas Gage </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Gage, Phineas</text>
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                <text>Brain -- Wounds and injuries</text>
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                <text>Neurosciences -- History</text>
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                <text>Brain -- Localization of functions</text>
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                <text>Psychology -- History</text>
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                <text>Sixth plate (2 3/4" x 3 1/4") cased daguerreotype of post-injury Phineas Gage. Portrait-style image depicts Gage holding the tamping iron that caused his 1848 frontal lobe injury. Bar marked with inscription from the Warren Anatomical Museum. As with most daguerreotypes, the image is laterally reversed, creating the mistaken impression that Gage was injured on right rather than the left side. The image is housed in a full wooden case covered with embossed brown paper made to simulate leather. The case interior is a red synthetic velvet cushion.&#13;
&#13;
The Wilgus Daguerreotype is possibly first published photograph of Phineas Gage. The image had been discovered in the 2010s by the Wilgus family. The image was most likely taken between 1850-1854. The iron bar from the accident is shown with previous writing from the Warren Museum.&#13;
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>One case photograph</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>daguerreotypes (photographs)</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>image</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum 21711</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift to the Warren Anatomical Museum in the Francis A. Countway Library of Harvard Medical School by Jack and Beverly Wilgus. </text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Sixth plate daguerreotype depicting Phineas Gage and his inscribed tamping iron between 1850 and 1860, after he sustained a traumatic brain injury. </text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="218004">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum 00949, 00950, and 03106</text>
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        <name>Beyond the Bone Box</name>
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        <name>Phineas Gage</name>
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From left to right: Dr. Lyndon M. Hill, Dr. Louis T. Wright, Dr. Myra Logan, Dr. Aaron Prigot, unidentified African American woman patient, and unidentified hospital employee.</text>
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                <text>William A. Hinton (1883-1959) was born on December 15, 1883 in Chicago, Illinois. His parents were both enslaved. He entered Harvard College in 1902 and graduated in 1905. Between undergrad and medical school, Hinton taught at Walden University in Nashville, Tennessee, the Agricultural and Mechanical College in Langston, Oklahoma, and at Meharry Medical College, and continued his own education during the summer at the University of Chicago. He entered Harvard Medical School in 1909 and completed his degree in 1912. Hinton was awarded the Hayden scholarship, reserved for African American students, but turned it down and competed and was awarded the Wigglesworth Scholarship. &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Dr. Hinton began teaching at HMS in 1918 as Instructor in Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, and in 1921, his responsibilities expanded to include Bacteriology and Immunology. He was appointed Instructor in Bacteriology and Immunology in 1946, twenty five years after his first appointment. He was promoted to Clinical Professor in 1949 – the first African-American Professor at Harvard University. He only gained promotion one year before his retirement. </text>
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&lt;p&gt;Howard H. Hiatt MD was born in Patchogue, New York. He enrolled in Harvard College in 1944, and ascended to Harvard Medical School without first earning his A.B. degree.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click &lt;a href="https://collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/admin/files/show/6488"&gt;here to go to full transcript&lt;/a&gt;.]</text>
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                <text>Sims, J. Marion (James Marion), 1813-1883. The discovery of anaesthesia. Virginia Medical Monthly, v. 4 (May 1877).</text>
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Channing, Walter, 1786-1876. A treatise on etherization in childbirth. Illustrated by five hundred and eighty-one cases. By Walter Channing ... </text>
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                <text>1.Fn.17, p. 22-23.</text>
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                <text>Jackson, Charles T. (Charles Thomas), 1805-1880. A manual of etherization : containing directions for the employment of ether, chloroform, and other anaesthetic agents by inhalation, in surgical operations, intended for military and naval surgeons, and all who may be exposed to surgical operations; with instructions for the preparation of ether and chloroform, and for testing them for impurities. Comprising, also, a brief history of the discovery of anaesthesia / By Chas. T. Jackson ... Boston, : J. B. Mansfield, 1861.</text>
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                <text>From the Collections of the Boston Medical Library.</text>
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                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217107">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>This cast was created between 1812 and 1847 and acquired by the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832), a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of James "Colonel Jim" Nichols, 1832-1846</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of James "Colonel Jim" Nichols of South Reading, Massachusetts. Cast is light brown in color and seated upright on base.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <name>Access Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217089">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>This cast was created between 1832 and 1846 by Nathaniel Bradstreet Shurtleff (1810-1874) and was acquired by the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832), a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217070">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217071">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>WAM 03622</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was created between 1811 and 1835 and acquired by the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832), a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Head</text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster cast of head of William Teller, a man executed for a prison escape and murder in Connecticut. Cast is tan in color and shows head from top of skull to neck on round pedestal base.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet, 1810-1874</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1833</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217052">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217053">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217054">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03619)</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>object</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217056">
                <text>1 Cast</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217057">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was created between 1832-1835 and collected by Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832), a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of Caesar Reynolds, 1833</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of head of Caesar Reynolds. Cast is light brown in color and shows top of head to top of neck. Underside of cast is open.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="217034">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was created in 1833 by Nathaniel Bradstreet Shurtleff (1810-1874) and was initially in the possession of the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of Mark Winslow, a notorious counterfeiter. Cast is light brown in color and shows head from hair to upper neck in reclined position. Eyes are closed and mouth is open.</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217016">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="217017">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03607)</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was created in 1835 after Winslow's death and was initially in the possession of the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of face of William Marcellus Goodrich, 1833</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of face of William Marcellus Goodrich. Cast is light brown in color and is seated on round pedestal base.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet, 1810-1874</text>
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            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216998">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was created in 1833 by Nathaniel Bradstreet Shurtleff (1810-1874). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <name>Provenance</name>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of head and upper chest of Louis Ostinelli, a famous Boston-based violinist. Cast is light brown in color and shows top of head to upper chest. Nose, lips, ears, and hair are all well defined.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216980">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216981">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03602)</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 Cast</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>WAM 03602</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was likely created or acquired between 1815 and 1835 by the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
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        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of face of Abraham Courtney, 1832-1835</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Face</text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster cast of face of Abraham Courtney, a well known blind man from Boston. Cast is tan in color and seated on round pedestal base. Cast shows face from forehead to chin. Rear side of cast is concave and white.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1832-1835, between</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216962">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216963">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03591)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 Cast</text>
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          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>physical object</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03591)</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This cast was likely created or acquired between 1832 and 1835 by the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of skull of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim, 1848</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Phrenology</text>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of skull of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). Cast is white and tan in color and shows entire skull of Spurzheim, including teeth. Cast is seated on round pedestal base and has recangular nameplate below mandible.</text>
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                <text>Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet, 1810-1874</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216944">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <name>Access Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216945">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>1 Cast</text>
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                <text>This cast was taken in 1848 by Nathaniel B. Shurtleff (1810-1874). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of Dr.  Philippe Pinel, 1826-1832</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Head</text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phenology cast of head of Dr. Philippe Pinel (1745-1826). Cast is large and white and extends from top of the head to base of the neck where it is seated on round base. Eyes and mouth are closed and face is relaxed.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Spurzheim, J. G. (Johann Gaspar), 1776-1832 </text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1826-1832, between</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216925">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216926">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03550)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 Cast</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created between 1826 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of Nathaniel Parker Willis, 1830-1832</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Head</text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phrenology life cast of head of Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806-1867). Plaster cast is of head from hair to chin, and rests on circular pedestal base. Eyebrows, eyelids, nose, lips, ears, and hair are all visible and defined.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Spurzheim, J. G. (Johann Gaspar), 1776-1832 </text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1830-1832, between</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216906">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216907">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03542)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216910">
                <text>1 Cast</text>
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                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
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                <text>This cast of the head of Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806-1867) was created by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832) in Paris between 1830 and early 1832. After Spurzheim's death in Boston in 1832, the specimen became part of the collection of the newly-formed Boston Phrenological Society until its dissolution in 1842. The entire collection was then stored for a time at the Institution for the Blind in South Boston under the care of Samuel G. Howe. In 1849, the collection was purchased by John Collins Warren.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                  <text>Phrenology</text>
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                  <text>Casts</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of face of Torquato Tasso, 1800-1835</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216881">
                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216882">
                <text>Phrenology</text>
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                <text>Casts</text>
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                <text>Face</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216885">
                <text>Plaster death mask cast of poet Torquato Tasso (1544-1595). Cast is likely molded from original death mask taken of Tasso in 1595. Cast shows face from forehead to chin and is seated on round pedestal base.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216886">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216887">
                <text>1800-1835</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216888">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216889">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216890">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03540)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216891">
                <text>object</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216892">
                <text>1 Cast</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216893">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216894">
                <text>physical object</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216895">
                <text>WAM 03540</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216896">
                <text>This cast was likely created or acquired between 1800 and 1835 by by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832) or the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Manuscripts and Archives</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="147038">
                  <text>Digitized items from our manuscript and archival collections. For collections processed under the auspices of the Archives for Women in Medicine, please see our Archives for Women in Medicine (AWM) collection.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216864">
                <text>Photographs from "The Advent of Anesthesia" Film</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216865">
                <text>Ether</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216866">
                <text>Anesthesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216867">
                <text>Abbott, Gilbert, 1825-1855.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216868">
                <text>Morton, W. T. G. (William Thomas Green), 1819-1868.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216869">
                <text>Massachusetts General Hospital.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216870">
                <text>In 1933, the Mallinckrodt Chemical Company produced a short silent file, “The Advent of Anesthesia”, depicting the experiments of W. T. G. Morton with ether anesthesia and recreating the first public demonstration of the operation on Gilbert Abbott in 1846.  The film uses the Ether Dome and other facilities at Massachusetts General Hospital and the cast includes hospital staff and personnel, including John Peabody Monks as Morton, Somers Hayes Sturgis as Gilbert Abbott, and Edward D. Churchill as surgeon John Collins Warren.  Edward D. Churchill preserved a file of still photographs of the actors.  Shown here are Drs. Monks, holding a replica of the first inhaler, Sturgis, with a tumor on the side of his neck, and the administration of ether with the inhaler.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216871">
                <text>Mallinckrodt Chemical Company.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216872">
                <text>Churchill, Edward D. (Edward Delos), 1895-1972. Papers, 1840-1973. [H MS c62]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216873">
                <text>1933.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216874">
                <text>Churchill, Edward D. (Edward Delos), 1895-1972. Papers, 1840-1973. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216875">
                <text>image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216876">
                <text>3 photographic prints.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216877">
                <text>still image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216878">
                <text>H MS c62, box 14, f. 27.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216879">
                <text>Reproduced from originals donated by Frederick P. Churchill to the Library of Harvard Medical School, 1973.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Anesthesia</name>
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      <tag tagId="1176">
        <name>Ether</name>
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      <tag tagId="1182">
        <name>Gilbert Abbott</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="191">
        <name>Massachusetts General Hospital</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1175">
        <name>W. T. G. Morton</name>
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    </tagContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="240149">
                  <text>Phrenology</text>
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                  <text>Casts</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240151">
                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="128">
              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="216862">
              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="216863">
              <text>15.5 W x 16 D x 30 H cm</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216844">
                <text>Phrenology cast of face of Sir James Edward Smith, 1812-1824</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216845">
                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216846">
                <text>Phrenology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216847">
                <text>Casts</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216848">
                <text>Face</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216849">
                <text>Botany</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216850">
                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of Sir James Edward Smith (1759-1828). Cast is light brown and shows front of face from forehead to chin. Cast is supported by round pedestal base under chin. Back of cast is white and hollow.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216851">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216852">
                <text>1812-1824, between</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216853">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216854">
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1812 and 1824 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
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                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1805 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of John Thelwall (1764-1834), a British orator and lecturer. Cast is light brown and shows subject with eyes and mouth closed. Head is seated on round pedestal base.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of skull of Rene Descartes (1596-1650). Cast extends from top of skull to maxilla. Skull cast is light brown and mounted on round base.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216795">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1805 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of Simon Pierre Laplace (1749-1827). Cast is white and is seated on round pedestal base. Mouth and eyes are shown open.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216777">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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            <name>Access Rights</name>
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1820 and 1827 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216756">
                <text>Plaster cast of head of author Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). Cast is tan in color and likely molded from original cast taken after death. Head is particularly large and elongated and is seated on round pedestal base. Cast has raised line on back of head, possibly from cast being taken after postmortem examination had already taken place.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216757">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216758">
                <text>1832-1835, between</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216759">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216760">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216761">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03455)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216762">
                <text>object</text>
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          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216763">
                <text>1 cast</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216764">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216765">
                <text>physical object</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216766">
                <text>WAM 03455</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216767">
                <text>This phrenological cast was created between 1832 and 1835 and was likely acquired between 1832 and 1835 by the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832), a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="420">
        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
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    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="18085" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6342">
        <src>https://collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/files/original/64237e20a14c01bf792d98feece8a6cb.jpg</src>
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    <collection collectionId="151">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="216535">
                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240148">
                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                  <text>Phrenology</text>
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                  <text>Casts</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240151">
                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <element elementId="128">
              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="216749">
              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="216750">
              <text>15.5 W x 15.5 D x 30 H cm</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216732">
                <text>Phrenology cast of face of Varley, 1830-1835</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216733">
                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216734">
                <text>Phrenology</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Casts</text>
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                <text>Head</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216737">
                <text>Plaster phrenological cast of face of Varley, likely John Varley (1778-1842), an astrologer and painter. Cast is tan in color and shows closed eyes, nose, and mouth. Back of face is hollowed out. Cast rests on round pedestal base.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216738">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216739">
                <text>1830-1835, between</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216740">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216741">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216742">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03449)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216743">
                <text>object</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216744">
                <text>1 cast</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216745">
                <text>castings (object genre)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216746">
                <text>physical object</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216747">
                <text>WAM 03449</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216748">
                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created between 1830 and 1835 and was aquired by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832) or the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="420">
        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
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    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="18084" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6341">
        <src>https://collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/files/original/7da06117d5e98cd67ed5400d04f213d2.jpg</src>
        <authentication>f599ff44e00ea08d7f7beae36bbcc57f</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="151">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="216535">
                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240149">
                  <text>Phrenology</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240150">
                  <text>Casts</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240151">
                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="128">
              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="216731">
              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
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      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216714">
                <text>Phrenology cast of face of Sir Marc Isambard Brunel, 1815-1832</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216715">
                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216716">
                <text>Phrenology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216717">
                <text>Casts</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216718">
                <text>Head</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216719">
                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of face of Sir Marc Isambard Brunel. Cast is light brown and seated on round pedestal base.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216720">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216721">
                <text>1815-1832, between</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216722">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216723">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216724">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03426)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216725">
                <text>object</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216726">
                <text>1 cast</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216727">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216728">
                <text>physical object</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216729">
                <text>WAM 03426</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of William Corder, 1828-1832</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Head</text>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216667">
                <text>Plaster death cast of head of William Corder (1803-1828), a British man executed for murder in 1828. Cast of head is light brown and seated on round pedestal base.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>John Filby Childs</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1828-1832, between</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216670">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216671">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03394)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>object</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1 cast</text>
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          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216675">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>physical object</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216677">
                <text>WAM 03394</text>
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          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216678">
                <text>This cast was likely created or acquired between 1828 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
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        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Phrenology cast of head of Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt, 1805-1832</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Head</text>
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                <text>French Revolution</text>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt (1762-1817). Cast is light brown in color and extends from top of head to top of neck. Head is seated on round pedestal base.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1805-1832, between</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216651">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216652">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216653">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03364)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216654">
                <text>object</text>
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          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216655">
                <text>1 cast</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216656">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>physical object</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216658">
                <text>WAM 03364</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216659">
                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created between 1826 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society Collection, 1800-1848. WAM 01209.005—</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240151">
                  <text>The Boston Phrenological Society was formed in 1832 after the death of the prominent phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). The society was founded by Nahum Capen (1804-1886) on the day of Spurzheim's funeral and popularized phrenology across the United States. The group began publishing a quarterly journal, The Annals of Phrenology, in 1833. This journal published detailed rebuttals to skeptics of phrenology, case descriptions and personal anecdotes, and a defense of the relevancy of phrenology to fields like social welfare and mission work. The society collected busts, cast, skulls, and drawings through solicitations to readers of the journal. This collection was purchased by John Collins Warren (1778-1856) in 1847, at which time the Society dissolved, and moved to Harvard Medical School.&#13;
&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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            <element elementId="128">
              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="216640">
              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216623">
                <text>Phrenology cast of face of William Godwin, 1805-1832</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
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                <text>Phrenology</text>
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                <text>Face</text>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Plaster phrenological cast of face of William Godwin (1756-1836). Cast is tan in color and shows face from forehead to chin, resting on round pedestal base. Back of head is hollowed out and white.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1805-1832, between</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216631">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216632">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216633">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03340)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>object</text>
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          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216635">
                <text>1 cast</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216636">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1805 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
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                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
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                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1812 and 1845 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832) or the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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                <text>This cast was created in 1803 and collected by the Boston Phrenological Society.  Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
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&#13;
This collection contains 31 phrenology casts originally owned by the Boston Phrenological Society. Most of the casts in this collection are of complete heads and some are of skulls.  These casts were collected by the Society between 1832 and 1847. Many of the casts in this collection were originally owned by Johann Gaspar Spurzheim.</text>
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              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="240152">
                  <text>The items in this collection originally belonged to the Boston Phrenological Society. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the Boston Phrenological Society's collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the ‘Mastodon Rooms’ on Chestnut Street before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="216587">
              <text>Phrenology cast</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216571">
                <text>Phrenology cast of head of "Owhyhee Teapot", 1813-1832</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216572">
                <text>Boston Phrenological Society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216573">
                <text>Phrenology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="216574">
                <text>Casts</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216575">
                <text>Plaster phrenology cast of head of "Owhyhee Teapot", a native of Hawaii, "the spot where Captain Cook was killed. Cast shows head from hair to top of neck and is seated on round pedestal base.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216576">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216577">
                <text>1813-1832, between</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216578">
                <text>The Harvard Medical Library does not hold copyright on all the materials in the collection. For use information, contact the Warren Anatomical Museum Curator at chm@hms.harvard.edu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="101">
            <name>Access Rights</name>
            <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216579">
                <text>Accessing collections in the Warren Anatomical Museum and the Warren Anatomical Museum archive requires advanced notice. Please submit a request to Public Services at chm@hms.harvard.edu to access the displayed item</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="108">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216580">
                <text>Warren Anatomical Museum (WAM 03247)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="216581">
                <text>object</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216582">
                <text>1 cast</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216583">
                <text>Castings (object genre)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216584">
                <text>physical object</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216585">
                <text>WAM 03247</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="128">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="216586">
                <text>This phrenological cast was likely created or acquired between 1812 and 1832 by Dr. Johann Spurzheim (1776 – 1832). Dr. Spurzheim, a leader in the study of phrenology, brought his knowledge and cast collection to America in 1832. After his death, the newly formed Boston Phrenological Society possessed his collection of skulls and casts. Dr. John Collins Warren purchased the collection in 1847 after the Society’s dissolution. In 1849, Dr. Warren took physical custody of the collection and temporarily transferred it to the Warren Museum of Natural History on Chestnut Street, before moving the collection to its intended permanent location in the new medical school building on North Grove Street. The phrenological collection was left in the basement of the old Medical School building on North Grove Street when the Medical College moved to a different building on Boylston Street in 1880. In 1911, the North Grove Street building was being demolished and the collection was almost destroyed. Dr. R. H. Fitz intervened and the collection was moved to the Administrative Building of the Harvard Medical School.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="420">
        <name>Boston Phrenological Society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>Warren Anatomical Museum</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
